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Research activity in the field of custom foot orthoses and footwear is relatively recent. The research articles listed below focus on three areas:

To obtain an abstract of these articles, cut and paste the article title into the PUBMED database
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed

Degenerative Joint Disease

Orthotic and brace use in the athlete with degenerative joint disease with angular deformity. Clin Sports Med. 2005 Jan;24(1):93-9.

Effects of ankle-foot orthoses on ankle and foot kinematics in patients with subtalar osteoarthritis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006 Aug;87(8):1131-6

Rheumatoid Arthritis

The effect of foot orthoses in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology. 2006 Apr;45(4):449-53

A randomized controlled trial of foot orthoses in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2002 Jul;29(7):1377-83.

Effectiveness of custom-made orthopaedic shoes in the reduction of foot pain and pressure in patients with degenerative disorders of the foot. Foot Ankle Int. 2006 Nov;27(11):974-9.

Diabetes

Efficacy and mechanism of orthotic devices to unload metatarsal heads in people with diabetes and a history of plantar ulcers. Phys Ther. 2006:86(6):833-42.

Effect of footwear and orthotic devices on stress reduction and soft tissue strain of the neuropathic foot. Clin Biomech. 006 Dec 18; [Epub ahead of print]

Influence of a custom foot orthotic intervention on lower extremity dynamics in healthy runners. Clin Biomech. 2006 Jul;21(6): 623-30.
Orthotic intervention in forefoot and rearfoot strike running patterns. Clin Biomech. 2004 Jan;19(1):64-70.

Effect of inverted orthoses on lower-extremity mechanics in runners. Med Sci Sports Excerc. 2003 Dec;35(12):2060-8.

Interaction of arch type and footwear on running mechanics. Am J Sports Med. 2006 Dec;34(12):1998-2005. Epub 2006 Aug 10.

Effect of footwear on high and low arched runners' mechanics during a prolonged run. Gait Posture. 2006 Oct 19; [Epub ahead of print]

Ground reaction forces and kinematics in distance running in older-aged men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Jul;35(7):1167-75.

The effect of 6 weeks of custom-molded foot orthosis intervention on postural stability in participants with >or=7 degrees of forefoot varus. Clin J Sport Med. 2006 Jul; 16(4):316-22

Foot orthoses affect frequency components of muscle activity in the lower extremity. Gait Posture. 2006 Apr;23(3):295-302.

Effect of a lateral wedge on joint moments during gait in subjects with recurrent ankle sprain. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 Nov;84(11):858-64.

The subtle cavus foot, "the underpronator". Foot Ankle Int. 2005 Mar;26(5):256-63

The effects of rocker sole and SACH heel on kinematics in gait. Med Eng Phys. 2004 Oct;26(8):639-46.

Foot orthoses in rehabilitation—what's new. Clin Sports Med. 2004 Jan;23(1):157-67.

Heel lifts and the stance phase of gait in subjects with limited ankle dorsiflexion. J Athl Train. 2006 Apr-Jun;41(2):159-65.

Effect of extrinsic rearfoot post design on the lateral-to-medial position and velocity of the center of pressure. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2006 Sep-Oct;96(5):383-92.

Foot orthoses for the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Foot Ankle Int. 2006 Aug;27(8):606-11.

Effective orthotic therapy for the painful cavus foot: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2006 May-Jun;96(3):205-11.